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创建可展开的浮动操作按钮

浮动操作按钮 (FAB) 是一个圆形按钮,浮动在内容区域的右下方。 此按钮代表相应内容的主要操作,但有时没有主要操作。 相反,用户可能需要执行一些关键操作。 在这种情况下,您可以创建一个如下图所示的可展开 FAB。按下此可展开 FAB 时,它会生成多个其他操作按钮。每个按钮对应于这些关键操作之一。

以下动画显示了应用程序的行为:

展开和折叠 FAB

创建 ExpandableFab 小部件

#

首先创建一个名为 ExpandableFab 的新有状态小部件。 此小部件显示主 FAB 并协调其他操作按钮的展开和折叠。 该小部件接收一些参数,用于指定 ExpandedFab 是否从展开状态开始,每个操作按钮的最大距离是多少,以及子部件列表。稍后您将使用此列表来提供其他操作按钮。

dart
@immutable
class ExpandableFab extends StatefulWidget {
  const ExpandableFab({
    super.key,
    this.initialOpen,
    required this.distance,
    required this.children,
  });

  final bool? initialOpen;
  final double distance;
  final List<Widget> children;

  @override
  State<ExpandableFab> createState() => _ExpandableFabState();
}

class _ExpandableFabState extends State<ExpandableFab> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const SizedBox();
  }
}

FAB 交叉淡入淡出

#

ExpandableFab 在折叠时显示蓝色编辑按钮,在展开时显示白色关闭按钮。展开和折叠时,这两个按钮会缩放并在彼此之间淡入淡出。

实现这两个不同 FAB 之间的展开和折叠交叉淡入淡出。

dart
class _ExpandableFabState extends State<ExpandableFab> {
  bool _open = false;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _open = widget.initialOpen ?? false;
  }

  void _toggle() {
    setState(() {
      _open = !_open;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return SizedBox.expand(
      child: Stack(
        alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,
        clipBehavior: Clip.none,
        children: [
          _buildTapToCloseFab(),
          _buildTapToOpenFab(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTapToCloseFab() {
    return SizedBox(
      width: 56,
      height: 56,
      child: Center(
        child: Material(
          shape: const CircleBorder(),
          clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
          elevation: 4,
          child: InkWell(
            onTap: _toggle,
            child: Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: Icon(
                Icons.close,
                color: Theme.of(context).primaryColor,
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTapToOpenFab() {
    return IgnorePointer(
      ignoring: _open,
      child: AnimatedContainer(
        transformAlignment: Alignment.center,
        transform: Matrix4.diagonal3Values(
          _open ? 0.7 : 1.0,
          _open ? 0.7 : 1.0,
          1.0,
        ),
        duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
        curve: const Interval(0.0, 0.5, curve: Curves.easeOut),
        child: AnimatedOpacity(
          opacity: _open ? 0.0 : 1.0,
          curve: const Interval(0.25, 1.0, curve: Curves.easeInOut),
          duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
          child: FloatingActionButton(
            onPressed: _toggle,
            child: const Icon(Icons.create),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

打开按钮位于 Stack 中的关闭按钮顶部,允许在顶部按钮出现和消失时呈现交叉淡入淡出的视觉效果。

为了实现交叉淡入淡出动画,打开按钮使用带有缩放变换和 AnimatedOpacityAnimatedContainer。当 ExpandableFab 从折叠状态变为展开状态时,打开按钮会缩小并淡出。然后,当 ExpandableFab 从展开状态变为折叠状态时,打开按钮会放大并淡入。

您会注意到打开按钮是用 IgnorePointer 小部件包装的。这是因为即使打开按钮透明,它也始终存在。如果没有 IgnorePointer,即使关闭按钮可见,打开按钮也会始终接收点击事件。

创建 ActionButton 小部件

#

ExpandableFab 展开的每个按钮都具有相同的设计。它们是带有白色图标的蓝色圆圈。更准确地说,按钮背景颜色是 ColorScheme.secondary 颜色,图标颜色是 ColorScheme.onSecondary

定义一个名为 ActionButton 的新无状态小部件来显示这些圆形按钮。

dart
@immutable
class ActionButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const ActionButton({
    super.key,
    this.onPressed,
    required this.icon,
  });

  final VoidCallback? onPressed;
  final Widget icon;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final theme = Theme.of(context);
    return Material(
      shape: const CircleBorder(),
      clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
      color: theme.colorScheme.secondary,
      elevation: 4,
      child: IconButton(
        onPressed: onPressed,
        icon: icon,
        color: theme.colorScheme.onSecondary,
      ),
    );
  }
}

将此新的 ActionButton 小部件的几个实例传递到您的 ExpandableFab 中。

dart
floatingActionButton: ExpandableFab(
  distance: 112,
  children: [
    ActionButton(
      onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 0),
      icon: const Icon(Icons.format_size),
    ),
    ActionButton(
      onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 1),
      icon: const Icon(Icons.insert_photo),
    ),
    ActionButton(
      onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 2),
      icon: const Icon(Icons.videocam),
    ),
  ],
),

展开和折叠操作按钮

#

ActionButton 应在展开时从打开的 FAB 下方飞出。然后,子 ActionButton 应在折叠时飞回到打开的 FAB 下方。 此动作需要对每个 ActionButton 进行显式 (x,y) 定位,并使用 Animation 来协调这些 (x,y) 位置随时间的变化。

引入 AnimationControllerAnimation 来控制各个 ActionButton 展开和折叠的速度。

dart
class _ExpandableFabState extends State<ExpandableFab>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late final AnimationController _controller;
  late final Animation<double> _expandAnimation;
  bool _open = false;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _open = widget.initialOpen ?? false;
    _controller = AnimationController(
      value: _open ? 1.0 : 0.0,
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _expandAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      curve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,
      reverseCurve: Curves.easeOutQuad,
      parent: _controller,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  void _toggle() {
    setState(() {
      _open = !_open;
      if (_open) {
        _controller.forward();
      } else {
        _controller.reverse();
      }
    });
  }
}

接下来,引入一个名为 _ExpandingActionButton 的新无状态小部件,并配置此小部件以动画化和定位单个 ActionButtonActionButton 提供为名为 child 的泛型 Widget

dart
@immutable
class _ExpandingActionButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const _ExpandingActionButton({
    required this.directionInDegrees,
    required this.maxDistance,
    required this.progress,
    required this.child,
  });

  final double directionInDegrees;
  final double maxDistance;
  final Animation<double> progress;
  final Widget child;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AnimatedBuilder(
      animation: progress,
      builder: (context, child) {
        final offset = Offset.fromDirection(
          directionInDegrees * (math.pi / 180.0),
          progress.value * maxDistance,
        );
        return Positioned(
          right: 4.0 + offset.dx,
          bottom: 4.0 + offset.dy,
          child: Transform.rotate(
            angle: (1.0 - progress.value) * math.pi / 2,
            child: child!,
          ),
        );
      },
      child: FadeTransition(
        opacity: progress,
        child: child,
      ),
    );
  }
}

_ExpandingActionButton 中最重要的部分是 Positioned 小部件,它在周围的 Stack 中的特定 (x,y) 坐标处定位 childAnimatedBuilder 导致 Positioned 小部件在每次动画更改时重新构建。FadeTransition 小部件协调各个 ActionButton 在展开和折叠时的出现和消失。

最后,在 ExpandableFab 中使用新的 _ExpandingActionButton 小部件来完成练习。

dart
class _ExpandableFabState extends State<ExpandableFab>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return SizedBox.expand(
      child: Stack(
        alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,
        clipBehavior: Clip.none,
        children: [
          _buildTapToCloseFab(),
          ..._buildExpandingActionButtons(),
          _buildTapToOpenFab(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  List<Widget> _buildExpandingActionButtons() {
    final children = <Widget>[];
    final count = widget.children.length;
    final step = 90.0 / (count - 1);
    for (var i = 0, angleInDegrees = 0.0;
        i < count;
        i++, angleInDegrees += step) {
      children.add(
        _ExpandingActionButton(
          directionInDegrees: angleInDegrees,
          maxDistance: widget.distance,
          progress: _expandAnimation,
          child: widget.children[i],
        ),
      );
    }
    return children;
  }
}

恭喜!您现在拥有了一个可展开的 FAB。

交互式示例

#

运行应用程序:

  • 点击右下角的 FAB,用编辑图标表示。它会展开成 3 个按钮,它本身会被一个关闭按钮(用 X 表示)替换。
  • 点击关闭按钮,查看展开的按钮飞回原始 FAB,并且 X 被编辑图标替换。
  • 再次展开 FAB,然后点击任何 3 个卫星按钮,查看代表该按钮操作的对话框。
import 'dart:math' as math;

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(
    const MaterialApp(
      home: ExampleExpandableFab(),
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
    ),
  );
}

@immutable
class ExampleExpandableFab extends StatelessWidget {
  static const _actionTitles = ['创建帖子', '上传照片', '上传视频'];

  const ExampleExpandableFab({super.key});

  void _showAction(BuildContext context, int index) {
    showDialog<void>(
      context: context,
      builder: (context) {
        return AlertDialog(
          content: Text(_actionTitles[index]),
          actions: [
            TextButton(
              onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).pop(),
              child: const Text('关闭'),
            ),
          ],
        );
      },
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('可展开 FAB'),
      ),
      body: ListView.builder(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 8),
        itemCount: 25,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          return FakeItem(isBig: index.isOdd);
        },
      ),
      floatingActionButton: ExpandableFab(
        distance: 112,
        children: [
          ActionButton(
            onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 0),
            icon: const Icon(Icons.format_size),
          ),
          ActionButton(
            onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 1),
            icon: const Icon(Icons.insert_photo),
          ),
          ActionButton(
            onPressed: () => _showAction(context, 2),
            icon: const Icon(Icons.videocam),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class ExpandableFab extends StatefulWidget {
  const ExpandableFab({
    super.key,
    this.initialOpen,
    required this.distance,
    required this.children,
  });

  final bool? initialOpen;
  final double distance;
  final List<Widget> children;

  @override
  State<ExpandableFab> createState() => _ExpandableFabState();
}

class _ExpandableFabState extends State<ExpandableFab>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late final AnimationController _controller;
  late final Animation<double> _expandAnimation;
  bool _open = false;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _open = widget.initialOpen ?? false;
    _controller = AnimationController(
      value: _open ? 1.0 : 0.0,
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _expandAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      curve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,
      reverseCurve: Curves.easeOutQuad,
      parent: _controller,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  void _toggle() {
    setState(() {
      _open = !_open;
      if (_open) {
        _controller.forward();
      } else {
        _controller.reverse();
      }
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return SizedBox.expand(
      child: Stack(
        alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,
        clipBehavior: Clip.none,
        children: [
          _buildTapToCloseFab(),
          ..._buildExpandingActionButtons(),
          _buildTapToOpenFab(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTapToCloseFab() {
    return SizedBox(
      width: 56,
      height: 56,
      child: Center(
        child: Material(
          shape: const CircleBorder(),
          clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
          elevation: 4,
          child: InkWell(
            onTap: _toggle,
            child: Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: Icon(
                Icons.close,
                color: Theme.of(context).primaryColor,
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  List<Widget> _buildExpandingActionButtons() {
    final children = <Widget>[];
    final count = widget.children.length;
    final step = 90.0 / (count - 1);
    for (var i = 0, angleInDegrees = 0.0;
        i < count;
        i++, angleInDegrees += step) {
      children.add(
        _ExpandingActionButton(
          directionInDegrees: angleInDegrees,
          maxDistance: widget.distance,
          progress: _expandAnimation,
          child: widget.children[i],
        ),
      );
    }
    return children;
  }

  Widget _buildTapToOpenFab() {
    return IgnorePointer(
      ignoring: _open,
      child: AnimatedContainer(
        transformAlignment: Alignment.center,
        transform: Matrix4.diagonal3Values(
          _open ? 0.7 : 1.0,
          _open ? 0.7 : 1.0,
          1.0,
        ),
        duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
        curve: const Interval(0.0, 0.5, curve: Curves.easeOut),
        child: AnimatedOpacity(
          opacity: _open ? 0.0 : 1.0,
          curve: const Interval(0.25, 1.0, curve: Curves.easeInOut),
          duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 250),
          child: FloatingActionButton(
            onPressed: _toggle,
            child: const Icon(Icons.create),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class _ExpandingActionButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const _ExpandingActionButton({
    required this.directionInDegrees,
    required this.maxDistance,
    required this.progress,
    required this.child,
  });

  final double directionInDegrees;
  final double maxDistance;
  final Animation<double> progress;
  final Widget child;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AnimatedBuilder(
      animation: progress,
      builder: (context, child) {
        final offset = Offset.fromDirection(
          directionInDegrees * (math.pi / 180.0),
          progress.value * maxDistance,
        );
        return Positioned(
          right: 4.0 + offset.dx,
          bottom: 4.0 + offset.dy,
          child: Transform.rotate(
            angle: (1.0 - progress.value) * math.pi / 2,
            child: child!,
          ),
        );
      },
      child: FadeTransition(
        opacity: progress,
        child: child,
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class ActionButton extends StatelessWidget {
  const ActionButton({
    super.key,
    this.onPressed,
    required this.icon,
  });

  final VoidCallback? onPressed;
  final Widget icon;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final theme = Theme.of(context);
    return Material(
      shape: const CircleBorder(),
      clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
      color: theme.colorScheme.secondary,
      elevation: 4,
      child: IconButton(
        onPressed: onPressed,
        icon: icon,
        color: theme.colorScheme.onSecondary,
      ),
    );
  }
}

@immutable
class FakeItem extends StatelessWidget {
  const FakeItem({
    super.key,
    required this.isBig,
  });

  final bool isBig;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      margin: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 8, horizontal: 24),
      height: isBig ? 128 : 36,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        borderRadius: const BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(8)),
        color: Colors.grey.shade300,
      ),
    );
  }
}